TPOT: Special Collections--Name entries and relator terms

I.C.1
SPECIAL COLLECTIONS CATALOGING PROCEDURE

NAME ENTRIES AND RELATOR TERMS

Reviewed Nov 17, 1998 by Richard Lindemann

Catalog records for Special Collections materials include
more added entries for names than AACR2 requires. Relator terms
are often added to these headings to indicate the functions
performed by the people or corporate bodies that are being
traced. Most of these functions are related to book
arts/production activities, to aspects of provenance, or to
collaborative contributions. Examples include printer,
publisher, dedicatee, former owner, inscriber, and illustrator.

Name Entries

In addition to 1xx entries, make name added entries
exhaustively for all personal or corporate entities that appear
on the title page (or other primary source of responsibility) as
contributors to the intellectual content or arrangement of the
work, including editors, compilers, translators, issuing
agencies, illustrators, photographers, authors of prefaces and
introductions, and the like. Seek guidance, however, when title
pages include numerous contributors, as is sometimes the case
with anthologies and other collections of writings, to avoid
creating uselessly numerous tracings.

Do not routinely trace publishers, printers, or others named
on the title page whose names are typically entered in field 260,
except as prescribed in "Early imprints" procedures (see I.C.4),
unless indicated by the selector.

Make other name added entries only when indicated by the
selector prior to cataloging. Do not trace a person or body
simply because an appropriate relator term exists or because
precedents for such tracings are already established.

Relator Terms

Add relator terms (|e) taken from the following thesaurus
to name added entries [the thesaurus is appended at the end of
this document]:

"Relator terms for rare book, manuscript, and special
collections cataloging," 3rd ed., College & Research
Libraries News v. 48 no. 9 (October 1987), p. 553-557.
[Note that although the terms also are listed in the USMARC
Code List for Relators, Sources, Description Conventions,
the "Relator terms" thesaurus must be consulted for the
correct form of each term, its scope note, and the syndetic
structure referring to related terms.]

Relator terms are coded in |e of USMARC fields in 6xx and
7xx tag blocks, following a personal name or corporate body,
as shown in these examples:
700 10 Brainard, Joe, |e ill.
700 10 Brooke, Jocelyn, |e former owner.
710 20 Peter Pauper Press, |e publisher.
Choose the term that describes the relevant function best,
always preferring broader to narrower terms (e.g., "ill." rather
than "engraver") unless specified otherwise by the selector.
Relator terms applied commonly in Special Collections book
cataloging include:
former owner inscriber publisher
ill. [illustrator] printer signer

For facets of provenance, "former owner" is the preferred term in
most applications; other evidences of ownership, such as
"annotator" or "signer," may be applied in addition (or instead)
at the selector's instruction. Unless specifically directed to
do so, do not create repetitive tracings for the same name when
multiple relator terms apply. Follow terms noted by the selector
whenever possible.

Make headings without relator terms for:

Comp. [compiler]
Ed. [editor]
Tr. [translator]

For OCLC cataloging copy, be careful to add the appropriate
relator term to headings that already appear. The relator terms
most commonly missing when names are traced are "ill." and
"publisher." When suitable headings with relator terms appear in
OCLC cataloging copy, replace those delimited by $4 with $e and
confirm that the proper form or abbreviation of the relator term
appears. Remove the relator terms "comp.," "ed." and "tr." from
found copy in all fields.

Be careful not to include copy-specific added entries when
enhancing or creating new OCLC records (e.g., former owners,
inscribers, etc.), but rather add these headings only locally.

1c1 3/95 RELATOR TERMS FOR RARE BOOK, MANUSCRIPT,
AND SPECIAL COLLECTIONS CATALOGUING
(THIRD EDITION)

ACRL RBMS Standards Committee

I. Introduction

The following list of relator terms has been approved for use in rare and special
materials cataloguing by the Standards Committee of the Rare Books and Manuscripts
Section of the Association of College and Research Libraries. It is now published in this
third edition.

The present list is a further revision of one originally proposed by the Ad Hoc
Committee of the Independent Research Libraries Association in Proposals for Establishing
Standards for the Cataloguing of Rare Books and Specialized Research Materials in
Machine-Readable Form (Worcester, Mass., 1979), and published in its first edition in
C&RL News, September 1980, and in its second edition in C&RL News, October 1981.
Comments from members of the rare books, manuscripts, and archives communities have
been taken into account in preparing this third edition, and relator terms provided in the
second edition of the Anglo-American Cataloguing Rules (AACR2) have been added to the
list.

The list, in its first edition, was transmitted to the ALA Resources and Technical
Services Division Committee on Cataloguing: Description and Access, with the request that
AACR2, rule 21.Od, be amended to allow for the optional use of these terms in special
materials cataloguing; this change in rule 21.OD has been since been accepted. Relator
codes (for use in subfield 4 of the MARC format) have been assigned to all terms
authorized in the second edition of this list, and will be requested for those added in this
third edition. These codes are published in Appendix II.D of the MARC Formats for
Bibliographic Data (MFBD).

It is the recommendation of the RBMS Standard Committee that this standard list be
adopted by all rare book and specialized collections, especially those participating in a
bibliographic network.

II. Purpose

The need for rare book and special collections users to be able to distinguish added
entries for different kinds of contributors to the intellectual content, physical production, or
provenance of special materials in their collections has long been recognized. Relator
terms traditionally have been used in manual cataloguing systems to create discrete special
files for access by the names of illustrators, printers, former owners, etc., or to arrange
bibliographic records within a single catalogue file in an order reflecting these distinctions.

The IRLA AD Hoc Committee studied the use of relator terms in MARC cataloguing
and found that such terms would be essential if special files were to be created in an
automated system. In addition, the use of relators potentially provides the capability of
conducting specialized searches in online data bases, and of producing valuable output
lists, inventories, etc. To derive these benefits in a network environment, however, relator
terms and the manner of their use in bibliographic records must be standardized the
greatest degree possible.

This list does not attempt to be exhaustive in enumerating all possible functions a
person or body may perform in the production or history of an item or collection. The
present list, rather, attempts to give those functions that are considered to correspond to
widely accepted types of associations with printed,manuscript, and archival materials.
Brief definitions or scope notes are provided where necessary to avoid ambiguity.

III. Form

The list constitutes an alphabetical list of authorized terms and cross-references,
following the format recommended in the American National Standard Guidelines for
Thesaurus Structure, Construction, and Use (New York, 1980). Scope notes follow terms
thought to be obscure or ambiguous or which are to be used in a technical sense. Each
term is followed by the cross-references, if any , made to and from other terms in the
unauthorized terms appear in lower case letters. The symbols used are as follows:

USE leads from unused synonyms and inverted forms of the terms to the term
used;

UF (used for) is the reciprocal of the USE reference and accompanies the terms
to which the USE reference refers;

BT (broader term) refers from a term for a member of a class to the term for the
class;

NT (narrow term)refers from a term for a class to the term for one of its
members;

RT (related term) is used between terms with a relationship which is not
hierarchical in nature when it seems helpful to bring associated functions to
the user's attention.

IV. Application

Use of relator terms is voluntary. When they are used in MARC records, relators
are entered in subfield #e in main (100 or 110) or added (600 or 610, 700 or 710) entry
fields, as appropriate. For printed books, relators are most often appropriate 7xx fields;
1xx and 6xx fields are most likely to be used with relators in
records for non-book formats.

If a person or body is associated with more than one function, do not repeat the
subfield #e; rather, repeat the added entry field as many times as there are functions to be
indicated, using an appropriate relator in each case. Alternately, those interfiling various
types of relator entries in a single alphabetic sequence may wish only to employ broader
terms such as ARTIST in a inclusive manner rather than using specific narrower terms such
as ENGRAVER or ETCHER when such usage would result in multiple entries for the same
person or body serving in various capacities in a single manifestation of a work.

Institutions with extensive holdings of a single person or firm may wish to employ
all the most specific terms in extensively subdivided files. Each institution should apply
relator terms in the manner most appropriate to its own needs, while working within this
framework of standardized terms to provide the benefit of network interaction.

Some of these relator terms pertain largely or exclusively to "copy-specific" entries
(e.g., FORMER OWNER, HONOREE). Cataloguers should be carefully to preserve this
important distinction in MARC records, using the mechanisms for copy-specific added
entries provided by their networks or bibliographic utilities, and providing appropriate copy-
specific notes inn bibliographic descriptions.

V. Revision

The list of relator terms is maintained by the editor of the Relator Term List on
behalf of the RBMS Standards Committee. Updates to the list appear occasionally,
published in the library press. Upon the advice of the Standards Committee, the editor
shall prepare a new edition for publication. Additional terms for the list should be
submitted in writing, including:

1) the scope or use of each term;
2) the reason for need of the term;
3) an appropriate reference structure.

Queries and comments may be addressed to: Chair, Standards Committee, Rare
Books and Manuscripts Section, ACRL/ALA, 50 E. Huron Street, Chicago, IL 60611,
Attention: Relator Term List.

RELATOR TERM LIST

[N.B. Terms preceded by an asterisk (*) appear in the thesaurus for the first time in this
3rd edition.]

ANNOTATOR
Use for writer of manuscript annotations on a printed item.
BT ASSOCIATED NAME

*ARTIST
Use for person who conceives, and perhaps also implements, an original graphic
design or work of art. Prefer ILL. for book illustrators.
UF Graphic technician
NT ENGRAVER
ETCHER
ILL.
LITHOGRAPHER
RT BOOK DESIGNER
CALLIGRAPHER
PHOTOGRAPHER

ASSIGNEE
Use for person or body to whom a license for printing or publishing has been
transferred.
RT COPYRIGHT HOLDER
LICENSEE

ASSOCIATED NAME
Use with a name associated with or found in an item or collection which cannot be
determined to be that a FORMER OWNER or other relator indicative of provenance.
NT ANNOTATOR
DEPOSITOR
DONOR
FORMER OWNER
HONOREE
INSCRIBER
LENDER
SIGNER

*ATTRIBUTED NAME
Use to relate an author, artist, etc. to work for which there is or once was
substantial authority for designating that person as author, creator, etc.
UF Supposed name

BINDER
RT BINDING DESIGNER

BINDING DESIGNER
UF Designer of binding
RT BINDER
BOOK DESIGNER

BOOK DESIGNER
Use for person or body responsible for the entire graphic design of a book,including
arrangement of type and illustration, choice of materials, and processes used.
UF Designer of book
RT ARTIST
BINDING DESIGNER
TYPE DESIGNER
TYPOGRAPHER

BOOKJACKET DESIGNER
UF Designer of bookplate

BOOKSELLER
RT DISTRIBUTOR
PUBLISHER

Bowdlerizer Use CENSOR

CALLIGRAPHER
RT ARTIST

CARTOGRAPHER

CENSOR
Use for censor, bowdlerizer,expurgator, etc., official or private.
UF Bowdlerizer
Expurgator

*COLLECTOR
Use for person who has brought together material from various sources, which has
been arranged, described, and catalogued as a collection. The collector is neither the
creator of the material nor the person to whom manuscripts in the collection may have
been addressed.
BT FORMER OWNER

*COLLOTYPER
BT ELECTROTYPER

*COMP. [NOT USED IN SPC; ENTER NAME W/O |e]
AACR2 form comp. required. Use for person who produces a work or publication
by selecting and putting together material from the works of various persons or bodies.
UF Compiler
RT ED.

Compiler Use COMP.

COMPOSITOR
UF Typesetter
RT PRINTER
TYPOGRAPHER

CORRECTOR
Use for corrector of manuscripts, such as the scriptorium official who corrected the
work of a scribe. For printed matter, use PROOFREADER.
RT PROOFREADER

*CORRESPONDENT
Use for person or body who was either the writer or recipient for a letter or other
communication.
NT RECIPIENT

Counterfeiter Use FORGER

DEDICATEE
Use for person or body to whom a book, manuscript, etc., is dedicated (NOT the
recipient of a gift).
RT DEDICATOR

DEDICATOR
Use for the author of a dedication, which may be a formal statement or in epistolary
or verse form.
RT DEDICATEE

*DEPOSITOR
Use for person or body placing material in a physical custody of a library or
repository without transferring legal title.
BT ASSOCIATED NAME

Designer of binding Use BINDING DESIGNER

Designer of book Use BOOK DESIGNER

Designer of bookjacket Use BOOKJACKET DESIGNER

Designer of bookplate Use BOOKPLATE DESIGNER

Designer of type Use TYPE DESIGNER

DISTRIBUTOR
RT BOOKSELLER
PRINTER
PUBLISHER
SPONSOR

DONOR [NOT USED IN SPC; ENTER NAME W/ "|eformer owner" when indicated]
Use for donor of a book, manuscript, etc., to present owner; donors to previous
owners are designated as FORMER OWNER or INSCRIBER.
BT ASSOCIATED NAME

*ED. [NOT USED IN SPC; ENTER NAME W/O |e]
AACR2 FORM ed. required. Use for a person who prepared for publication a work
not primarily his own, such as by elucidating text, adding introductory or other critical
matter, or supervision of editorial staff.
UF Editor
RT COMP.

Editor Use ED.

*ELECTROTYPER
BT PLATEMAKER
NT COLLOTYPER

ENGRAVER
BT ARTIST
NT METAL-ENGRAVER
WOOD-ENGRAVER

ETCHER
BT ARTIST

Expurgator Use CENSOR

FORGER
UF Counterfeiter

FORMER OWNER
Use for person or body owning a book, manuscript, etc., in the past. Include
person or body to whom book was once presented as named in a statement inscribed by
another person or body; person or body giving book to present owner is designated as
DONOR.
BT ASSOCIATED NAME
NT COLLECTOR

Graphic technician Use Artist
[Formerly an authorized term; deleted in this 3rd edition.]

HONOREE
Use for person in memory or honor of whom a book, manuscript, etc. is donated.
BT ASSOCIATED NAME
UF Memorial

ILL.
AACR2 form ill. required. Use for person who conceives, and perhaps also
implements, a design or illustration, usually to accompany a written text.
UF Illustrator
BT ARTIST
RT ILLUMINATOR
RUBRICATOR

ILLUMINATOR
RT ILL.
RUBRICATOR

Illustrator Use ILL.

Imprimatur Use LICENSOR

INSCRIBER
Use for person who signs a presentation statement.
BT ASSOCIATED NAME

*INTERVIEWEE
RT INTERVIEWER

*INTERVIEWER
RT INTERVIEWEE

*LENDER
Use for person or body permitting the temporary use of a book, manuscript, etc.,
such as for photocopying or microfilming.
BT ASSOCIATED NAME

LICENSEE
Use for original recipient of right to print or publish.
RT ASSIGNEE
COPYRIGHT HOLDER

LICENSOR
Use for signer of license, imprimatur, etc.
UF Imprimatur

LITHOGRAPHER
BT ARTIST

Memorial Use HONOREE

METAL-engraver
BT ENGRAVER

PAPERMAKER

PHOTOGRAPHER
Use for person or body responsible for taking photographs, whether they are used in
their original form or as reproductions.
RT ARTIST

*PLATEMAKER
NT ELECTROTYPER
STEREOTYPER
RT PRINTER OF PLATES

Plates, Printer of Use PRINTER OF PLATES

PRINTER
Use for printer of texts, whether from type or plates.
RT COMPOSITOR
DISTRIBUTOR
PRINTER OF PLATES
PUBLISHER
TYPOGRAPHER

PRINTER OF PLATES
Use for printer of illustrations from plates.
UF Plates, Printer of
RT PLATEMAKER
PRINTER

PROOFREADER
Use for corrector or printed matter. For manuscripts, use

CORRECTOR.
RT CORRECTOR

PUBLISHER [PREFER "|eprinter" for pre-1601 imprints]
RT BOOKSELLER
DISTRIBUTION
PRINTER

RECIPIENT
Use for person to whom correspondence is addressed.
BT CORRESPONDENT

RUBRICATOR
RT ILL.
ILLUMINATOR

SCRIBE
Use for maker of pen-facsimiles of printed matter, as well as for amanuensis and for
writer of manuscripts proper.
RT TRANSCRIBER

SIGNER
Use for person whose signature appears without a presentation or other statement
indicative of provenance. When there is a presentation statement, use INSCRIBER.
BT ASSOCIATED NAME

SPONSOR
Use for person or body which sponsors or funds the production of a work, e.g., the
entity "under the auspices of which" a work was written, printed, published, etc.
RT DISTRIBUTOR

*STEREOTYPER
BT PLATEMAKER

Suppose name Use ATTRIBUTED NAME

*TR. [NOT USED IN SPC; ENTER NAME W/O |e]
AACR2 form tr. required. Use for person who renders a text from one language
into another, or from an older form of a language into the modern form.
UF Translator

*TRANSCRIBER
Use for person who prepares a handwritten or typewritten copy from original
material, including from dictated or orally recorded material. For makers of pen-facsimiles,
use SCRIBE.
RT SCRIBE

Translator Use TR.

TYPE DESIGNER
Use for person who designed the type face used in a particular item.
UF Designer of type
RT BOOK DESIGNER
TYPOGRAPHER

Typesetter Use COMPOSITOR

TYPOGRAPHER
Use for person primarily responsible for choice and arrangement of type used in an
item. If the typographer is also responsible for other aspects of the graphic design, (e.g.,
BOOK DESIGNER), added entries for both functions may be used as desired.
RT BOOK DESIGNER
COMPOSITOR
PRINTER
TYPE DESIGNER

WOOD-ENGRAVER
BT ENGRAVER